Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

Individuals diagnosed with persistent rhinosinusitis accompanied with polyps in the nasal cavity, which is distinguished by the presence of a type 2 immunological signature, frequently experience severe and recurring symptoms. Lower respiratory tract disorders, such as asthma, frequently coexist with other medical illnesses and have comparable underlying physiological mechanisms. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) accompanied with asthma is distinguished by the presence of eosinophilic infiltration in the affected tissues and elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the immediate environment. From a clinical perspective, the presence of concomitant asthma in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is linked to heightened sinonasal symptoms and a worse quality of life. Furthermore, managing this condition by medicinal and surgical interventions poses greater challenges. The coexistence of nasal polyposis with asthma presents challenges in terms of disease management. This comorbidity is associated with higher susceptibility to exacerbations, heightened airway obstruction, and a greater extent of Eosinophilic inflammation. Individuals diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who also have concurrent aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are a subgroup characterized by the presence of very severe and challenging-to-manage symptoms. Moreover, these patients typically exhibit a high degree of nasal polyp severity. The diagnosis and treatment of respiratory co-morbidities can be greatly aided by the identification and understanding of shared pathophysiology pathways in the lower as well as the upper airways. The compelling justification for developing systemic medicines that precisely target prevalent type 2 inflammatory mechanisms is the systemic inflammatory link that exists among rhinosinusitis that is chronic with polyps in the nasal passages (CRSwNP) and asthma.